Topics of advanced difficulty Theoretical 1. The First Law of thermodynamics: thermodynamic cycles, adiabatic processes, work of adiabatic processes. 2. The Second Law of thermodynamics: spontaneous chemical reactions. Dependence of Gibbs energy of reaction on concentrations. Relation between equilibrium constant, electromotive force and standard Gibbs energy. Latimer diagrams. 3. Integrated rate law for first order reactions, half-life, mean life time. Analysis of complex reactions using steady-state and quasi-equilibrium approximations, mechanisms of catalytic reactions, determination of reaction order for complex reactions. 4. Inorganic complexes: structure and isomerism. Crystal field theory. Trans-effect. 5. Preparation and chemical properties of carbonyl compounds. 6. Oxidoreductase- and transferase-catalyzed reactions in metabolism of nucleotides and xenobiotics. Practical 1. Advanced procedures in organic synthesis: heating under reflux, vacuum filtration, vacuum distillation, determination of refraction index, use of a nomogram. 2. Kinetics of chemical reactions: photometric studies and analysis of experimental data with the English version of Microsoft Excel software. Note. The hereunder topics met in the Preparatory problems: - Clapeyron equation for phase transition - Rate of heterogeneous reactions - Claisen rearrangement - Determination of a melting point - Calculation of solubility in the presence of complexing agents - Rotary evaporation - Liquid-liquid extraction - Deciphering a compound structure using NMR and mass spectrum data are inalienable parts of the proposed tasks. We do not expect students to get an advanced training in the above skills and concepts, since these will not appear neither in the Practical, nor in the Theoretical Exam set.